Why are women living longer than men?

Everywhere in the world women live longer than men - but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn't live longer than men in the 19th century. What makes women live longer than men in the present, and why is this difference growing over time? We only have a few clues and the evidence is not strong enough to make an absolute conclusion. We know that behavioral, biological and ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور environmental factors contribute to the fact that women are healthier than men; however, we do not know how significant the impact to each of these variables is.

We know that women live longer than men, ماذا يحدث بين الزوجين في الحمام بالصور regardless of weight. But, this is not because of certain non-biological factors have changed. These are the factors that are changing. Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Other are more complicated. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women's longevity disproportionately.

Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. As we can see, all countries are above the diagonal parity line , this means that in all countries a newborn girl can expect to live for longer than a new boy.1

Interestingly, this chart shows that although the female advantage exists in all countries, difference between countries is huge. In Russia women live 10 years longer than men, while in Bhutan the gap is just half a year.

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In rich countries the advantage of women in longevity was not as great.
We will now examine how the female advantage in terms of longevity has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the men and women's life expectancies when they were born in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two points stand out.

There is an upward trend. Women and men in America live longer than they did 100 years ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.

Second, the gap is widening: While the female advantage in life expectancy was quite small but it has risen significantly with time.

You can verify that these principles are also applicable to other countries with data by clicking on the "Change country" option in the chart. This includes the UK, France, and Sweden.